Read the following Passage and Make Notes on it- 

Passage:-

1. The world today is confronted with a large number of problems like arms proliferation, fundamentalism, sepa- ratist movements as well as international terrorism. Inter- national terrorism has today emerged as one of the most ominous threats to world peace and security.

2. There has been considerable growth of terrorism between the 1960s and 1980s. This has largely been due to the characteristics of the international system. The most im- portant of these are deep and bitter ethnic, religious and ide- ological conflicts which remain unresolved and which fester in the international system, spawning many forms of violent conflicts, terrorism and periodically erupting into civil and international wars.

3. Another underlying factor for the growth of ter rorism is the use of unconventional and proxy war methods Here terrorism becomes an attractive instrument of policy for states and sub-state organisations such as national libera- tion movements. Such methods are low-cost, relatively low risk and yet afford the possibility of high yields.

4. The worldwide dissemination of new technology has also facilitated the growth of terrorism. For example, the development of international civil aviation has created new vulnerabilities and lucrative targets for terrorists to exploit  modern weapon technology has also proved to be a boon to errorists.

5. Terrorism today has taken different forms. These mclude political terrorism involving not only the use of ter orism by the state but also against the state, religious ter orism, micro terrorism as well as the recent emergence of nuclear terrorism.

6. The legitimacy of terrorism depends on various fac- Cors. Perceptions vary. The greatest justification which a ter- orist finds is in a struggle between two adversaries: it is not he means but the end which is important. The United Na- ions Human Rights Commission has recognised that terror- sm can destroy human rights and fundamental freedom of The people and threatens the territorial integrity of nations. One of the most basic rights of every individual is the right to life. Terrorism, which basically involves violence and killing thus takes away this right from individuals.

7. Besides, the use of violence for achieving a goal, no matter how justified it is the same cannot be approved. 

8. Ter- rorism also poses a law and order problem for the state while at the same time the economy suffers as a result of damage to trade, valuable resources as well as scaring away of investors. It is thus imperative to look for some mechanism to check the problem of international terrorism. Although there exists a large number of treaties including extradition treaties, they have not been able to check terrorism. This has happened due to the failure of states to comply with the provision of the treaties.

Answers:

Title: International Terrorism.

Notes: 

1.Terrorism-threat to world peace & security 

(a) probs. like crime proliferation

2.Causes of terrorism

    (a) deep & bitter ethnic, rel. & ideo. conflicts

    (b) periodical civil & internat'l wars

    (c) unconv'l & proxy war methods

           (i) low cost

           (ii) low-risk

           (iii) high yield

(d) dissemination of new technology

(e) modem weapon tech. 

3 different types of terrorism

Political     Religious      Micro-Terrorism         Nuclear

4.Justification of Terrorism 

    (a) struggle between 2 adversaries

    (b) end imp. not means

5.Dangers of Terrorism

     (a) destroy human rights & freedom of people

    (b) threatens terr'l integrity of nations 

    (c) law & order prob.

    (d) setback to economy

          (i) damages trade & resources

         (ii) scares away investors

Summary

Terrorism is threat to world peace and security. 

The causes behind it are deep and bitter ethnic, religious and ideological conflicts, periodical civil and international wars Unconventional and proxy war methods are also another factor. The worldwide dissemination of new technology sup port the terrorism while modem weapon technology has also proved to be a boon to terrorism. Basically terrorism has taken different forms like political, religious, microterrorism and nuclear terrorism. Terrorism is struggle between two ad- versaries as it destroy human rights and freedom of people. So it must be eradicated to protect integrity of nations.

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